Introduction
In this article we are
discussing what is a beam? And different types of beam used in construction.
How beam is important as a structural member it should also know through the article.
What
Is A Beam?
· A beam is horizontal structural member
which is used to transfer lateral load through its own axis to the member which
support the beam such as the vertical component of the structure column, wall, foundation which safely transmitted load to the hard strata.
· The Beams play an important role as
structural element in the structure, it is acted as mediator.
· The Beams carry vertical load as well as
horizontal load, shear load,
· The different load acting on the beam
formed shear force and bending moment in the beams, which cause stresses,
strain and deflection of beam.
· A beam is the member of structure, whose
cross section is very small as compared to its length.
Types
of Beam
According to use of
beam and so many factors, there are different types of beam based on different
criteria as follows,
A.
Based on Support Conditions
B.
Based on Construction Materials
C.
Based on Cross-Section Shapes
D.
Based on Geometry
E.
Based on Equilibrium Conditions
F.
Based on Method Of Construction
A. Based on Support Conditions
1. Simply Supported Beam
2. Cantilever Beam
3. Continuous Beam
4. Fixed End Beam
5. Overhanging Beam
6. Double Overhanging Beam
1. Simply Supported Beam
· It is simple type of beam similar to
its name, in this type of beam both end of beam are supported, one end is hinge
support and other is roller supported.
· The beam is free to rotate and undergoes both shear stress and bending moment.
2. Cantilever Beam
· The cantilever beam is famous type of
beam structure; in which one end of beam is fixed and another end is free.
· The load is carried by over the span
of beam, which undergoes shear force as well as bending moment.
· We can see the examples of cantilever
beam at balconies, bay windows, bridges, etc.
3. Continuous Beam
· The continuous beam is similar to the
simply supported beam, only difference is that it contains more than two
supports.
4. Fixed End Beam
· The fixed end beam has both ends are
fixed.
· Due to both fixed end of the beam,
vertical movement and rotation are not formed.
· In the beam, only bending moment is
produce but not reactions.
5. Overhanging Beam
· The overhanging beam is the combination
of cantilever beam and simply supported beam.
· The overhang portion of beam present
at one end or both ends of the beam.
· Roller supports are presented between
two ends support, which support overhanging beam.
6. Double Overhanging
Beam
· If the overhanging portion is present
at one or both ends of the beam, is called as double overhanging beam.
B. Based on Construction Materials
1. Reinforced Concrete Beam
2. Steel Beam
3. Timber Beam
4. Composite Beam
1. Reinforced Concrete Beam
· The
reinforced concrete beam is constructed by concrete and reinforcement.
· If
the reinforced concrete beam is constructed in reinforced concrete slabs, then
the beam is called as hidden beam.
2. Steel Beam
· For
steel beam, steel as a material used.
3. Timber Beam
· Timber
beam is more popular in the past; timber is used for the beam.
4. Composite Beam
· Composite beam is made up from more than one material, means two or more different types of materials are used
C. Based on Cross-Section Shapes
1. Rectangular Beam
2. I-Beam
3. T- Beam
1. Rectangular Beam
· In
reinforced concrete building, rectangular beam is mostly used.
2. I-Beam
· The
cross-section of the beam is I, so
the beam is called as I- Beam.
· It
has high resistance of bending.
3. T- Beam
· The
beam has T cross-section.
· The
beam is mostly constructed with reinforced concrete slab i.e. monolithically.
· Due
to isolated T beam construction, compression strength of concrete increases.
D. Based on Geometry
1. Straight Beam
2. Curved Beam
3. Tapered Beam
1. Straight Beam
· Straight
beam is straight in profile and having majority of beams in structures.
2. Curved Beam
· The
curved beam mostly used in circular building, where beam needed with curved
profile.
3. Tapered Beam
· The
beam with tapered profile and cross- section.
E. Based on Equilibrium Conditions
1. Statically
Determinate Beam
2. Statically
Indeterminate Beam
1. Statically
Determinate Beam
· The beam is called determinate beam if
it satisfies or analyze the conditions of basic equilibrium conditions, so that
the support reaction can be found. The conditions are as follows:
I. Summation
of all horizontal forces is zero.
II. Summation of all vertical forces is zero.
III. Summation
of all bending moment is zero.
· Simply supported beam, cantilever beam are
the examples of Statically Determinate
Beam
2. Statically
Indeterminate Beam
· The beam is called indeterminate beam if
it cannot satisfy or analyze the conditions of basic equilibrium conditions.
· So the end reaction are found by using
combination the equilibrium conditions with other conditions like virtual work
method, strain energy method, etc.
· Therefore, analysis of the beam is
complicated than statically determinate beam.
· Fixed beam, continuous beam are the examples
of Statically Indeterminate Beam
F. Based on Method Of Construction
1. In- Situ Casting
2. Precast Concrete Beam
3. Prestressed Concrete Beam
1. In- Situ Casting
· In
–situ casting beam is constructed on the site of project.
· Form
works are initially fixed then fresh concrete is placed, and allow it to harden.
2. Precast Concrete Beam
· Precast
concrete beam is constructed in factories.
· For
the construction of precast concrete beam, construction conditions are in
controlled as compared to in–situ casting.
· The
quality of concrete used in the beam is great.
·Various
shapes of beam are constructed.
3. Prestressed Concrete Beam
· The
beam is constructed by stressing stands before applying loads on the beam.
· Prestressed
concrete beam has variation in the form of pre-tensioned concrete beam and
post-tensioned concrete beam.
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